The ultrasonic level metering technology is based on the principle that the energy transducer (the sensor) emits an ultrasonic pulse train, then receives and selects some echoes reflected from the medium surface, converting them into electronic signals.
The ultrasonic pulse travels at the speed of sound, and the time interval between emitting and receiving is in proportion to the distance between the sensor and the medium surface. The formula relating the distance S, sound speed C and the transmitting time T is as following:
S=C×T/2
The emitting and reflecting signals overlap each other within an area close to the transducer due to the limit width of the emitting ultrasonic pulses, they cannot be identified and measured, this area is called Dead Zone. The distance of the dead zone is associated with the working frequency of the ultrasonic level transmitter.